Tools and References
The Multilingual Picture Database
This database is based on 2,131 topic-rich simplified Chinese storybooks and literature for children. Resaercher can get the frequency indices for three grade levels (grade 2 and below, grades 3–4, grades 5–6) .
​
Link to the database and the journal paper.
Chinese children’s lexicon of written words (CCLOWW)
Database of Word-level Statistics (DoWLS)
This database provides researchers comprehensive statistics of modern Chinese vocabulary, including phonological density measures, syllable length, network measures for 16 types of segmentation schemas. The part of speech, homophony, lexical frequency can also be obtained.
​
Link to the database and the journal paper.
The phonological acquisition of Putonghua (Modern Standard Chinese)
By Zhu Hua and Barbara Dodd (2000)
The study investigates the phonological acquisition of 129 monolingual Putonghua-speaking children. The evidence indicates children first acquired tones, then syllable-final consonants and vowels, and finally syllable-initial consonants. Simple vowels appeared early, but more complex vowels had systematic errors. Errors in tone did not occur often, but other important phonological patterns were inconsistently produced even in the oldest children assessed. Not all findings could be accounted for by present theories of phonological acquisition, and full explanations of the results requires further investigation.
The paper gives an overview of 12 research studies from the past 45 years investigating phonological development in Mandarin-speaking children. The studies looked for and found consistency among the studies, despite having a wide variety of methodology, subject demographics, and specific aspect being investigated.
​
A Review of Phonological Development of Mandarin-Speaking Children
By Xin Xin Li and Carol K. S. To (2017)
Multilingual Children with Speech Sound Disorders: Position Paper
By the International Expert Panel on Multilingual Children's Speech (2012)
This position paper aspires to assist in developing best policies and practices for multilingual and/or multicultural children with speech sounds disorders. It is a tool to help speech-language pathologists as well as interpreters, educators, families, and communities.
​
Link to paper here (direct download)
​
In an effort to help translate research into clinical practice, Sharynne McLeod and Brian Goldstein edited together 30 chapters by 44 authors exploring multilingual and multicultural aspects of children with speech sound disorders. It contains sections on foundations, multilungual speech aquisition, and speech-language pathology practice.
​